The argument claims, Socialism is motivated by anti-rich, anti-success envy, and that’s simply an illegitimate motivation. The envy-charge against socialism is that it institutionalizes envy. How does this compare with liberal capitalist countries? Is there more or less potential for envy to flourish in a liberal capitalist society?
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The means of production or the means of reproduction. Where does socialism draw the line or does it?
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It’s a faux pas in some intellectual circles — mostly conservative ones — to say that there was a Dark Ages in European history.
But the mainstream view has been that the Middle Ages were a dark period in Western history. What were the “Middle Ages” in the middle of? Between the Greco-Roman era and the Renaissance. Roughly a millennium. The evaluative claim is that the glories of Greece and Rome and the achievements of the Renaissance and early Modernity were outstanding. By contrast, the Middle Ages look dimmer or actually dark.
The post modernist British thinker John Gray wrote in his book, Enlightenment’s Wake: “We live today amid the dim ruins of the Enlightenment project, which was the ruling project of the modern period.” Our culture as a failure, ruins, nadir. Did the enlightenment not live up to its promises? What is the standard for this claim? What does the data show us? Are we indeed living amongst dim ruins?
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